Electric Car : Game Changer In Transportation World

Electric Car : Game Changer In Transportation World












INTRODUCTION                

  An electric vehicle (EV) is a mode of transport which is powered by electricity .In 21st century ,the term "Electric Vehicle" has become a popular saying and  also exoteric. Almost everyone is familiar with this term .But ,how much do we know about it?


Let's talk about it...



HISTORY

It's hard to pinpoint the invention of the electric car to one inventor or country, instead it was a series of breakthroughs - in the 1800's that led the first electric car on the road. The history of electric car can be broken into 5 distinct periods: the early pioneers of electric mobility (1830-1970),the transition of motorized transport (1880-1914),the rise of the internal combustion engine (1914-1970),the return of electric cars (1970-2003),the electric revolution (2003-2020),and the tipping point(2021 and beyond)






TYPES OF ELECTRIC CAR

there are mainly 4 types of  electric cars in the market. first one is BEC- battery electric car , second one is HEC- hybrid electric car, third one is PHEC- plug in hybrid electric car and last one is FECC-fuel cell electric car.






MAIN COMPONENTS

There are some maiden components which a electric car consists of. They are-

1. Traction battery pack
2.DC-DC converter
3.Electric motor
4.Power inverter
5.Charge port
6.Onboard charger
7.Controller 
8.Auxiliarty batteries
9.Thermal cooling system
10.Transmission

Traction battery pack is also known as Electric car battery(ECB). It powers the electric motors of an electric vehicle. The battery acts as an electrical storage system. It stores energy in the form DC current. The range will be higher with increasing kW of the battery. The life and operation of the battery depends on its design. The lifetime of a traction battery pack is estimated to be 200,000 miles.The traction battery pack delivers a constant voltage. But different components of the vehicle has different requirements. The DCconverter distributes the output power that is coming from the battery to a required level. It also provides the voltage required to charge the auxiliary battery.Electric traction motor is the main components of car. The motor converts the electrical energy into kinetic energy. This energy rotates the wheels. Electric motor is the main component that differentiates an electric car from conventional cars. An important feature of an electric motor is the  regenerative breaking mechanism. This mechanism slows down the vehicle by converting its kinetic energy into another form, and storing it for future use. There are basically two types of motors DC and AC motors.It coverts DC power from the batteries to AC power. It also converts the AC current generated during regenerative braking into DC current. This is further used to recharge the batteries. The inverter can change the speed of the car.The charge port connects the electric vehicle to an external supply. It charges the battery pack. The charge port is sometimes located in the front or rear part of the car.Onboard charger is used to convert the AC supply received from the charge port to DC supply. The on board charger is located and installed inside the car. It monitors various battery characteristics and controls the current flowing inside the battery pack.Power electronics controller determines the working of an electric car. It performs the regulation of electrical energy from the batteries to the electric motors. The pedal set by the driver determines the speed of the car and frequency of variation of voltage that is input to the motor. It also controls the torque produced.Auxiliary batteries are the source of electrical energy for the accessories in electric vehicles. In the absence of the main battery, the auxiliary batteries will continue to charge the car. It prevents the voltage drop, produced during engine start from affecting the electrical system.The thermal management system is responsible for maintaining an operating temperature for the main components of an electric vehicle such as, electric motor, controller etc. It functions during charging as well to obtain maximum performance. It uses a combination of thermoelectric cooling, forced air cooling, and liquid cooling.It is used to transfer the mechanical power from the electric motor to the wheels, through a gearbox. The advantage of electric cars is that they do not require multi-speed transmissions. The transmission efficiency should be high to avoid power loss.






ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTGES

Electric cars can be say a dark horse in transportation field. Before the era of electric car, we have to depend on the fossil fuels like diesel, octane etc to run a car. The concept of a electric car has changed the whole term. Instead of fuel, we can run the car by the power of electricity. As a result the pressure of fossil fuel is decresing day by day and also it helps to reduce the green house gases. The environment is also being saved from pollution.Electric car also doesn't produce any type of disturbing sound as a result sound is not also polluted. As it is run by electricity, it is'nt that much expensive like fuels. And the maintenance of this car is very reasonable. So it can also cause of a great savings.

Despite of advantages, the car is also have some issues. As it is run by electricity, we need charger points to charge the car.But unfortunately at this moment there are insufficient recharge stations. Besides the recharge time of a car can be a lengthy process.Most of the electric cars are starts from a big range, like it's not a very reasonable to get. There are a few companies who are dedicated to make electric cars like tesla. Big car giants like bmw, mercedes etc are still working on this sector. So there are a only few choices to buy this car. Another problem is speed. The speed of this car is not that much satisfactory, as a result most of teenagers doesn't show much interest in this car




overall, electric car is a game changer of modern era.





                                                                                                     - Siam Khan Milky.



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